Sauerkraut: Manfaat + Resipi Makanan Super Fermentasi Lain

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Video: Sauerkraut: Manfaat + Resipi Makanan Super Fermentasi Lain

Video: Sauerkraut: Manfaat + Resipi Makanan Super Fermentasi Lain
Video: Cara Membuat Sauerkraut 2024, Mungkin
Sauerkraut: Manfaat + Resipi Makanan Super Fermentasi Lain
Sauerkraut: Manfaat + Resipi Makanan Super Fermentasi Lain
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Fermentasi adalah tongkat sihir alam. Ia mengubah makanan segar menjadi makanan eksotik. Proses ini mempunyai persiapan yang luar biasa dan sangat mudah - Sauerkraut.

Sauerkraut dibuat dari kubis segar yang ditapai selama berminggu-minggu. Ia adalah pengecap rasa premium. Sauerkraut bukan hanya dapat mengubah wajah makan siang yang membosankan, tetapi juga dapat meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh anda, mengurus kegelisahan, dan memerangi kegemukan.

Sertailah saya untuk mengetahui faedahnya, dan tentu saja, resipi untuk membuat sauerkraut. Tatal ke bawah!

Isi kandungan

  • Apa itu Sauerkraut?
  • Apakah Ilmu Di Sebalik Sauerkraut?
  • 6 Faedah Mengejutkan dari Sauerkraut
  • Profil Pemakanan Sauerkraut
  • Cara Membuat Sawerkraut Di Rumah
  • Apakah Cara Yang Betul Untuk Menyimpan Sauerkraut?

Apa itu Sauerkraut?

Sauerkraut (diucapkan sebagai / ˈsaʊɚˌkɹaʊt /) adalah makanan yang ditapai. Ia adalah salah satu bentuk kubis yang diawetkan yang paling biasa dan tertua (seperti kimchi). Sauerkraut mengandungi sejumlah besar asid laktik, vitamin A, B, C, dan K, dan mineral dan mempunyai sedikit kalori (kira-kira 80 kJ / 100g).

Sauerkraut dapat dikesan sebagai sumber makanan hingga abad ke-4 SM! Dari segi sejarah, ia berfungsi sebagai sumber nutrien pada bulan-bulan musim sejuk ketika makanan segar hampir habis. Ini kerana penapaian yang betul dapat mengekalkan nilai nutrien kubis sambil mewujudkan sifat sensori yang diinginkan. Hippocrates juga menggambarkan sauerkraut sebagai makanan kesihatan dan ubat perubatan dalam tulisannya.

Sauerkraut terkenal dalam budaya Eropah Tengah dan Timur, walaupun dapat dijumpai dalam masakan Eropah Barat dan Amerika juga.

Jadi, bagaimana kepala kubis yang duduk di dalam peti sejuk anda berubah menjadi makanan super rendah kalori? Inilah ilmu.

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Apakah Ilmu Di Sebalik Sauerkraut?

Apabila anda menggabungkan daun kubis dengan garam dan membiarkannya ditutup rapat di tempat yang sejuk dan kering selama beberapa minggu, anda akan mencetuskan penapaian anaerob.

Bakteria yang tinggal di sayur dan udara yang terperangkap kebanyakannya adalah bakteria asid laktik (LAB). LAB ini memecah dan menggunakan gula yang ada di kubis untuk tumbuh di sana. Garam mengambil lebihan air dari daun.

Semasa tumbuh, LAB menukar biomolekul kompleks dari kubis menjadi bahan bioaktif yang lebih sederhana. Inilah sebabnya mengapa LAB sangat penting untuk penapaian yang berjaya.

Mereka menghasilkan asid organik, bakteriosin, vitamin, dan sebatian perasa yang bertanggungjawab untuk banyak kualiti deria khas dari sauerkraut, termasuk jangka hayat, rasa, dan kandungan nutrien yang panjang (1)

Bakteria ini juga diketahui mempunyai sifat probiotik dan usus yang tinggi. Adakah itu?

Nasib baik, tidak! Baca terus dan saksikan keajaiban kubis yang diserang LAB.

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6 Faedah Mengejutkan dari Sauerkraut

1. Perisai Kanser

Semua sayuran salib mempunyai bau khas yang melindungi mereka dari serangga dan karnivor. Sebatian yang sama - isothiocyanates, glukosinolat, askorbigen, dan asid askorbik - melindungi kita daripada barah.

Mereka mengurangkan kerosakan DNA dan kadar mutasi sel pada pesakit barah. Sauerkraut diketahui mempunyai kandungan sebatian yang tinggi (2).

Walau bagaimanapun, tahap kepekatannya sangat bergantung pada keadaan penapaian kubis. Sebab itu bukti tidak dapat disimpulkan.

2. Bantuan Pencernaan

Bantuan Pencernaan
Bantuan Pencernaan

Pada zaman dahulu, sayuran dan makanan yang dimasak diperam untuk meningkatkan jangka hayat, keselamatan, dan rasa. Tetapi, penyelidikan baru-baru ini mengatakan bahawa makanan yang ditapai mempunyai sifat pemakanan dan fungsi yang lebih baik.

Ini mungkin kerana substrat bioaktif berubah menjadi produk akhir bioaktif dan lebih banyak bioavailable.

Juga, ada kemungkinan bahawa sauerkraut mengandungi strain bakteria dan mikroba lain yang secara genetik serupa dengan yang digunakan sebagai probiotik (3).

Mengonsumsi 7-10 g sauerkraut setiap hari dapat meningkatkan pencernaan dengan mengekalkan usus yang sihat dan mikrobiomnya.

Ucapkan selamat tinggal kepada usus yang bocor!

3. Perlindungan Kardiovaskular

Penyakit jantung adalah akibat banyak faktor, termasuk peningkatan tekanan oksidatif, saluran darah yang menebal dan mengeras, ketidakseimbangan ion kalsium, keradangan otot, pengumpulan oksida nitrat, dll.

Oleh kerana kubis mengandungi glukosinolat, isotiosianat, dan sebatian fenolik lain, versi fermentasinya - sauerkraut - juga dapat melindungi hati anda. Bagaimana?

Sauerkraut dapat mencegah pengeluaran oksida nitrat, mengurangkan tekanan oksidatif, memulihkan keseimbangan mineral, dan mengawal pengeluaran bahan kimia pro-radang (4).

Semua faedah ini disebabkan oleh peningkatan tahap fitokimia dan vitamin C dan E.

4. Penguat Kesihatan Tulang

Contrary to our beliefs, fermented foods like sauerkraut have nutritional value (you’ll know soon!). Fresh sauerkraut is a reservoir of vitamins C, K, and folate and minerals like calcium and sodium (4). All of these are essential for bone building and have potent anti-inflammatory properties.

Including sauerkraut along with cruciferous veggies in your diet can prevent age-related bone degenerative diseases, i.e., osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (5).

But, beware of high-sodium sauerkraut preparations. They cause calcium loss via urine. Hence, pick a low sodium variant or have a fresher batch of it.

5. Anti-inflammatory Effects

Kesan Anti-radang
Kesan Anti-radang

Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in various chronic diseases. Our immune system cells produce different pro-inflammatory chemicals or mediators like nitric oxide, eicosanoids, and cytokines. One of the most effective ways to tackle inflammation is to regulate or block the production of these mediators.

The good news is, sauerkraut can suppress nitric oxide production (4). In fact, it has a higher potency than fresh cabbage. The phytochemicals in sauerkraut also inhibit the synthesis of cytokines, eicosanoids, and other prostaglandins at the molecular level (4).

Hence, the right sauerkraut, in combination with precise medical care, can prevent and treat arthritis, irritable bowel disease (IBS), asthma, gastric ulcers, and, in some cases, diabetes.

6. Anxiety And Depression Buster

Recent research and medical studies have established that your brain and gut are connected. There is bidirectional communication between the brain and gut. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with anxiety and depression.

But, the administration of probiotics produces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like activities in animal studies. Plant-based fermented foods like sauerkraut have abundant probiotic microbes – like Lactobacillus – that improve cognition and mental health (6), (7).

Also, as it exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, sauerkraut might delay age-related and inflammation-induced neurodegenerative disorders.

That’s indeed surprising, isn’t it? Most of us must have taken sauerkraut for granted. Little did we know about the big picture!

Wonder what gave sauerkraut all the superpowers? Yes, its nutritional and phytochemical composition.

Want to know more in detail? Get to the next section, right away!

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Nutritional Profile of Sauerkraut

Calories Amounts Per Selected Serving Total Carbohydrate
Total Fat Total trans-monoenoic fatty acids Total trans-polyenoic fatty acids Total Omega-3 fatty acids Total Omega-6 fatty acids
Protein Amounts Per Selected Serving Vitamin A Vitamin E (Alpha Tocopherol) Amounts Per Selected Serving Calcium

Sauerkraut contains phenolic compounds and glucosinolates. Sinigrin and glucobrassicin (examples of glucosinolates) play an important role in cancer prevention.

Fermented cabbage is also considered a good source of antioxidants and organic acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic, malic, and succinic acids.

During fermentation, many breakdown products like sulforaphane, allyl isothiocyanate, iberin, iberin nitrile, and allyl cyanide were found in the cabbage. Research is being carried out on these products for chemoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties (4).

This is a goodness overload alert!

There is so much nutrition in a small bowl of fermented cabbage that you’d want to have it along with each meal daily, wouldn’t you?

For those of you waiting to get your hands on this simple side dish, I have a surprise!

How about making a small batch of sauerkraut in your kitchen? Sounds nice? Then, let’s get to the kitchen and ‘ferment’ a storm!

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How To Make Sauerkraut At Home

Making sauerkraut is an art. But, we’ve made it super simple for you. This will take just 30 minutes of your time (and, of course, the 5 days of fermenting). But still, you DON’T have to cook!

What You Need
  • Green or white cabbage: 2 kg (outer leathery leaves removed), cored
  • Coarse crystal sea salt: 3 tablespoons (or 6 tablespoons flaky sea salt)
  • Caraway seeds: 1 teaspoon
  • Peppercorns: 1 teaspoon
Let’s Make It
  1. Wash a large tub or bowl thoroughly. Rinse with boiling water from the kettle.
  2. Use a container that will comfortably fit the softened cabbage. It should have several inches of room at the top to avoid overflow. Make sure that your hands, and everything else coming into contact with the cabbage, are very clean.
  3. Shred the cabbage thinly using a food processor or a good knife.
  4. Arrange the cabbage leaflets in the tub or bowl and sprinkle the salt.
  5. Mix the salt into the cabbage thoroughly for 5 minutes. Wait for another 5 minutes and then repeat.
  6. You should end up with a reduced volume of cabbage sitting in its own brine.
  7. Mix in the caraway seeds and the peppercorns. Cover the surface of the cabbage entirely with a sheet of cling film. Press out all the air bubbles from below.
  8. Weigh the cabbage down using a couple of heavy plates or other weights that fit your bowl and cover as much of the cabbage as possible.
  9. You will notice the brine levels rising to cover the cabbage a little.
  10. Cover the tub with its lid (or more cling film) and leave it in a dark place at cool room temperature (about 18-20°C) for at least 5 days.
  11. Sauerkraut should be ready after 5 days. For maximum flavor, leave the cabbage to ferment for anywhere between 2-6 weeks (or until the bubbling subsides).
  12. The cabbage will become increasingly sour the longer it is fermented, so keep tasting it now and then.
  13. When you like the flavor, transfer it to smaller sterilized jars. You can store it in the refrigerator for up to 6 months.

It sure would be fascinating to see some Biochemistry happening every day – and that too right in front of your eyes. Wouldn’t it?

But… Wait

  • Check the cabbage every day or so. Unwrap and rewrap the mixture, releasing any gases that have built up as it ferments.
  • Alternatively, you may stir the cabbage to release the bubbles.
  • If any scum forms, remove it. Rinse the weights in boiling water and replace the cling film.
  • You should always see bubbles appearing within the cabbage and possibly some foam on the top of the brine.
  • It’s important to keep it at an even, cool room temperature. Too cold temperatures will delay the fermentation, and too warm temperatures would cause the sauerkraut to become moldy or ferment too quickly. Either way, you’d not get the perfect sauerkraut.
  • Natural fermentation enhances the nutritional profile of sauerkraut. It is, therefore, more potent in fighting cancers, metabolic disorders, bone and brain issues than its fresh counterpart.

Psst

How about filming the process of making sauerkraut and the fermentation (through 5 days or 2 weeks) in a time lapse?

When you run the video, you’d appreciate the beauty of nature and one of its magical processes – fermentation!

The kids would love it too!

You can thank me later – because I have a surprise for those busy bees reading this.

If 5 or 15 days is too long a time for you to spare, and you wish to make sauerkraut at home, I have a shortcut.

Scroll down!

Shortcut Sauerkraut

Sauerkraut Pintasan
Sauerkraut Pintasan
What You Need
  • Cabbage: 1 head, thinly sliced
  • Onion: 1, thinly sliced
  • Apple cider vinegar: 1 ¼ cups
  • Caraway seeds: 1 tablespoon, toasted and crushed
  • Kosher salt: 2 tablespoons
Let’s Make It
  1. Combine all ingredients in a microwave-safe bowl.
  2. Cover the bowl with a large piece of plastic wrap and seal the edges.
  3. Microwave the mixture on high, for about 4 to 5 minutes.
  4. Bring the bowl out and let it sit covered.
  5. Leave it until the cabbage has absorbed its brine, and the bowl is cool to touch. This would take about 15-25 minutes.
  6. Unwrap the bowl and serve along with creamy ramen or any meat entrees.

You can choose whichever way to make a batch of sauerkraut. But what’s critical is the way you store it. If stored the right way, sauerkraut tastes excellent for months and years together. So, let’s find out how you can do that.

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What Is The Right Way To Store Sauerkraut?

Fully fermented sauerkraut may be either canned or stored.

To ‘can’ sauerkraut, there two standard ways:

1. Hot Pack

  • In a large kettle, bring the kraut and liquid slowly to a boil for about 15-20 minutes, stirring frequently.
  • Remove from the heat and fill the sterilized jars with kraut and juices, leaving about ½ inch headspace.

2. Raw Pack

  • Fill the sterilized jars firmly with kraut and cover with juices, leaving about ½ inch headspace.
  • Wipe the jar rim and adjust the lid clamps.
  • Meanwhile, keep sufficient water to boil. Lower the heat and let it slow boil.
  • Place the covered jars in this water and allow it to process.

To ‘freeze’ sauerkraut, follow these instructions:

  • Fill the pint- or quart-sized freezer bags or reusable ridge plastic freezer containers.
  • Fill up to 1-2 inches from their tops, squeeze out the air, seal and label them.
  • You can now freeze these bags for 8-12 months.

The Bottom Line

Sauerkraut is a low-calorie food with abundant vitamin C and sodium. And it is finding its way to popularity for all the right reasons.

We’d be waiting to know how the experience was. Please share your feedback, suggestions, and queries in the comments section below.

Because it’s not just wine and men that get better with age! (wink!)

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Expert’s Answers For Readers’ Questions

How much sauerkraut is safe to eat daily?

Sauerkraut is high in sodium. A cup or 150 g serving will provide approximately 40% of your RDA sodium intake (2.4g).

Keep an eye on your salt intake if you add sauerkraut to your diet.

How long can you keep sauerkraut in the fridge, once opened?

If it is store-bought and not a live culture, sauerkraut may stay for a week or two.

If it is a properly fermented live sauerkraut, you need to start by storing it at room temperature for up to a week. Then, it will last for months in the fridge.

If you find white scum formed on the sauerkraut during this time, discard the batch. Transfer sauerkraut in smaller quantities to avoid wastage. Open one bottle after another to enjoy it across seasons.

References

  1. “Microbial Community Analysis of Sauerkraut…” Foods, US National Library of Medicine
  2. “Regular Consumption of Sauerkraut and Its Effect…” Global Advances in Health and Medicine, US National Library of Medicine
  3. “Health benefits of fermented foods: microbiota…” Current opinion in Biotechnology, US National Library of Medicine
  4. "Sauerkraut: Pengeluaran, Komposisi, dan …" Makanan Fermentasi dalam Pencegahan Kesihatan dan Penyakit, Elsevier
  5. "Vitamin K1 dan K2: Kumpulan Muncul …" Jurnal Pemakanan dan Metabolisme, Perpustakaan Perubatan Nasional AS
  6. "Tinjauan Makanan Fermentasi dengan …" Nutrisi Pencegahan dan Sains Makanan, Perpustakaan Perubatan Nasional AS
  7. "Kesan Makanan Fermentasi pada Manusia …" Scientia

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