Air Mineral: Potensi Manfaat Kesihatan Dan Kesan Sampingan

2024 Pengarang: Cecilia Ryder | [email protected]. Diubah suai terakhir: 2023-12-17 14:21

Air mineral diperoleh dari mata air semula jadi dan takungan bawah tanah. Ia kaya dengan nutrien penting dan dikatakan mempunyai khasiat terapeutik.

Ia mengandungi kalsium, magnesium, kalium, dan natrium (1). Oleh itu, ia dikatakan memberikan beberapa faedah kesihatan yang tidak dijangka. Minum air mineral dapat meningkatkan kesihatan tulang, pencernaan, dan jantung, dan menurunkan tekanan darah.

Dalam artikel ini, kita membincangkan perbezaan antara air mineral dan air paip, dan kemungkinan manfaat kesihatan dan kesan sampingan air mineral.

Teruskan membaca!

Isi kandungan

• Air Mineral Vs. Air Biasa
• 6 Faedah Kesihatan Air Mineral
• Adakah Air Mineral Baik untuk Kulit dan Wajah Anda?
• Apakah Kesan Sampingan Air Mineral?

Air Mineral Vs. Air Biasa

Air mineral lebih berasid daripada air paip dan mempunyai rasa masam kerana adanya asid karbonik. Kedua-dua jenis air mengandungi mineral dan menjalani beberapa jenis pemprosesan. Berdasarkan bukti semasa, perbezaannya tidak begitu ketara. Inilah yang perlu anda ketahui.

I. Air Mineral

Air mineral mengandungi mineral tambahan (bergantung pada sumbernya) atau bahan terlarut untuk mengubah rasanya. Orang percaya bahawa ia mempunyai beberapa khasiat perubatan kerana mineral di dalamnya. Sesuai dengan Pentadbiran Makanan dan Dadah (FDA), air mineral mesti mengandungi sekurang-kurangnya 250 bahagian per juta jumlah pepejal terlarut (2).

Mineral yang sering terdapat dalam air mineral termasuk:

• Kalsium
• Klorin
• Fosforus
• Magnesium
• Potasium
• Natrium
• Sulfur

Yang disenaraikan di atas adalah beberapa makronutrien yang penting untuk melakukan fungsi tubuh seperti sintesis protein, pembentukan tulang, pembentukan tulang rawan, dll. (3).

Selain beberapa mikronutrien, unsur surih sangat penting untuk beberapa fungsi biologi seperti sintesis hormon, pengeluaran enzim, pencegahan kerosakan gigi, dll. (3).

• Kobalt
• Besi
• Kromium
• Tembaga
• Iodium
• Fluorin

Tidak seperti air paip biasa, air mineral biasanya dibotolkan di sumbernya dalam botol plastik atau kaca. Sebilangan orang lebih suka air mineral kerana nilai terapi. Walau bagaimanapun, air mineral mungkin mengalami beberapa proses untuk membuang bakteria atau bahan toksik (4). Pengambilan air mineral setiap hari sangat penting untuk mengekalkan keseimbangan air badan (3).

II. Air paip

Air paip dirawat dengan klorin dan dihantar ke isi rumah melalui paip dan sistem pembersihan.

Sebelum sampai ke rumah tangga, air paip menjalani proses pembasmian kuman kimia di loji rawatan air. Air bersih kemudian dihantar melalui sistem paip bawah tanah. Walau bagaimanapun, sebilangan mineral di dalam air paip boleh menghakis paip dan mencemarkan air minuman.

Di AS, air paip mesti memenuhi piawaian Akta Air Minum Selamat yang ditubuhkan oleh Badan Perlindungan Alam Sekitar (EPA) (5).

Sekarang setelah anda mengetahui perbezaan antara air mineral dan air paip, mari lihat faedah kesihatan air mineral!

6 Faedah Kesihatan Air Mineral

1. Sumber Magnesium

Air mineral adalah sumber magnesium yang kaya, yang memainkan peranan utama dalam mengatur fungsi tubuh seperti fungsi saraf, mengawal kadar glukosa darah, dan mengatur tekanan darah (6).

Bergantung pada sumbernya, jumlah magnesium dalam air mineral mungkin berbeza. Elaun Diet yang Disyorkan (RDA) untuk magnesium adalah seperti berikut (6):

• 310-320 mg untuk wanita dewasa
• 350-400 mg untuk wanita hamil
• 310-360 mg untuk wanita yang menyusu
• 400-420 mg untuk lelaki dewasa

Kekurangan magnesium boleh menyebabkan gejala seperti kegelisahan, mudah marah, keletihan, kelemahan otot, gegaran, dan vertigo. Dalam kes yang teruk, ia juga boleh menyebabkan kejang, pendengaran, migrain, osteoporosis, dan degupan jantung yang tidak teratur (7).

2. Boleh Membantu Menurunkan Tekanan Darah

Air mineral adalah sumber kalsium dan magnesium yang baik (1). Oleh itu, ia dikatakan bermanfaat bagi orang yang mengalami masalah tekanan darah. Kekurangan magnesium dan kalsium boleh menyebabkan hipertensi (8), (9). Kedua-dua mineral ini terlibat secara aktif dalam proses elektrolit otak dan badan manusia. Keseimbangan elektrolit ini penting untuk menjaga tekanan darah dan peredaran darah. Ia juga membantu mempercepat penghidratan pada manusia (10).

Satu kajian yang dilakukan oleh Universiti Göteborg (Sweden) mendapati bahawa minum air mineral dapat membantu menurunkan tekanan darah pada orang dengan tekanan darah tinggi (11).

Satu kajian yang dilakukan terhadap 70 orang dengan hipertensi sempadan juga mendapati bahawa minum 1 liter air mineral setiap hari menurunkan tekanan darah mereka (11).

Walau bagaimanapun, lebih banyak kajian diperlukan untuk memahami peranan meminum air mineral dalam pengurusan tekanan darah.

3. Menggalakkan Kesihatan Tulang

Kalsium adalah mineral terpenting yang terlibat dalam pengembangan tulang. Kalsium yang terdapat dalam air mineral adalah sumber penting pengambilan kalsium (12). Ia menguatkan tulang, gigi, dan kuku.

Satu kajian yang dijalankan oleh Institut Penyelidikan Perubatan Balneologi dan Pemulihan Saxon mendapati bahawa ketersediaan bio kalsium dari air mineral setanding dengan (dan bahkan lebih baik) daripada produk tenusu (13), (14). Kajian lain yang dilakukan pada wanita pascamenopause mendapati bahawa pengambilan air mineral kaya kalsium secara berkala meningkatkan kepadatan mineral tulang (15).

Selanjutnya, mengawal homeostasis magnesium dapat membantu mengekalkan integriti tulang (16).

4. Meningkatkan Kesihatan Pencernaan

Mineral water contains magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate that can help improve bowel movement frequency and stool consistency when constipated (17). A study conducted in Japan found that low magnesium intake is associated with constipation (18). Moreover, adequate fluid intake has been shown to improve digestion (19).

5. May Improve Heart Health

A study conducted on postmenopausal women by the Spanish Council for Scientific Research found that sodium bi-carbonate mineral water affects cholesterol and triacylglycerol metabolism after meals (20).

Another study conducted on postmenopausal women found that the intake of carbonated mineral water intake decreases total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases (21). The magnesium levels in drinking water are also said to be inversely associated with coronary heart disease mortality (22).

However, more long-term studies are required to understand how drinking mineral water promotes heart health.

6. May Regulate Body Fat

Mineral water is an essential fat-free supplement that offers a good amount of fat metabolizing minerals. It helps in fat breakdown, which is essential in burning the layers of fat in the body. Thus, drinking mineral water before meals (1.5 l/day) along with a low-calorie diet can help in weight management (23).

Now that you know all about the health benefits of mineral water, let’s check out how it benefits your skin.

Is Mineral Water Good For Your Skin And Face?

Mineral water may be a fresh source of skin-friendly silica particles. Silica is great for the skin. It triggers the production of collagen in your skin. Increased collagen formation reduces wrinkles, dark spots, and dullness. Furthermore, silica deficiency leads to skin ageing (24). Hence, mineral water may be a good source of skin health.

However, more long-term studies are required to understand this benefit of mineral water.

Though mineral water is generally safe for consumption, it does have a few side effects that you need to keep in mind. Check them out in the next section.

What Are The Side Effects Of Mineral Water?

Mineral water is generally regarded as safe to drink. However, too much consumption of mineral water has some side effects, and very little research has been done in this area.

Many studies focused on bottled mineral water are about the migration of chemicals from plastic bottles to water (25). A study conducted on mice found that microplastics consumed through water can accumulate in the body and cause inflammation (26).

The carbonic acid present in carbonated mineral water can cause bloating (27). Mineral water contains fewer microbes when compared to normal tap water. Thus, it does not undergo the disinfection process (unlike tap water) and contains microbes. It is also sometimes enriched with carbon dioxide (28).

Plastic Toxicity

Microplastics are tiny particles with potential health concerns. Plastic bottles contain bisphenol A (BPA) that are said to interfere with the hormonal function in your body. These particles are also found in seafood products, beverages like beer, and table salt.

Though the microplastics in bottled water do not raise a safety concern, more research is required in this area (29).

Carbonated Water Damages Teeth

Sparkling mineral water can damage the enamel on your teeth. A study conducted by the University of Birmingham found that sparkling mineral water damages tooth enamel more than regular tap water but less than soft drinks (30).

Carbonated water is more acidic than regular tap water. A study conducted in Korea found that carbonated water manufactured by a soda carbonator reduces enamel hardness (31). But, it has a smaller impact on teeth than drinking soda (32).

Environmental Concerns

Pollution caused by plastic water bottles is a serious threat to the environment. But, scientists have found that treating tap water with domestic reverse osmosis equipment is the most environmentally friendly way to treat water (33). As bottle manufacturing requires more energy and raw material inputs, especially in the case of glass water bottles, regular water treatment is the most favourable option.

Conclusion

Air mineral, menurut definisi, kaya dengan mineral dan dikatakan mempunyai beberapa sifat terapeutik. Walau bagaimanapun, penyelidikan terhad tersedia untuk membuktikan faedahnya. Ia masih dianggap selamat untuk diminum.

Dari meningkatkan kepadatan tulang hingga meningkatkan kesihatan pencernaan, air mineral dikatakan mempunyai banyak manfaat kesihatan. Walau bagaimanapun, ia juga dikaitkan dengan ketoksikan plastik (kerana mikroplastik dalam botol) dan hakisan enamel. Oleh itu, gunakan budi bicara anda sebelum anda minum apa sahaja jenis air.

33 sumber

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